![]() ![]() General guidelines for both types of in-text citations include the following. This allows the reader to look at the list of works cited to see the complete publication information. Signal phrases introduce the material, often including the author's name. In-text citations using either signal phrases or parenthetical references document material from other sources. You may cite an entire work or part of a passage. Example using a signal phrase for two authors: Kirchoff and Cook (2016) argue that some overlook the importance of teaching basic computer literacy skills when teaching multimodal composition.įigure 1: In-text citations in a sample APA essayįor more information about APA style in-text citations, please visit the OWL of Purdue.You may summarize or paraphrase the original words, thought or idea but credit must be given to the source.344).ĭo not use an ampersand (&) in signal phrases instead, use the word “and.” Example of a direct quote using a signal phrase: Moran (2003) argues that some teachers think “technology is good and that it will bring good” (p.Example of paraphrased information using a signal phrase: Sheppard (2009) argues that there is a need for students to adapt to this changing digital landscape.Insert the author’s name and year into your sentence to act as a signal phrase. This also means that you do not need an additional parenthetical citation. Using signal phrases to cite information means that you add the citation to your sentence(s). Example of paraphrased information from multiple authors: Education embraced emotion research from psychology and argued that emotion affects learning (Efklides & Volet, 2005 Pekrun, 2006 Pekrun, Frenzel, & Peery, 2007).This is especially useful when many authors have similar arguments or have found similar results. Use semi-colons to demonstrate the use of multiple authors. Example paraphrased information: Some universities have developed laptop programs requiring students to either own or lease laptops (Fried, 2008). ![]() Paraphrased information does not require the use of page numbers. Example direct quote cited with a parenthetical citation with an author: Multimodal composing offers students opportunities to make meaning and communicate using affordances that “could expand that notion of control beyond words on a page” (Takayoshi & Selfe, 2007, p. ![]() If you’re directly quoting, then include page numbers.
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